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    I know Python basics, what next? learn programming

    4 years ago

    I know Python basics, what next? learn programming

    I know Python basics, what next?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 04:11 AM PDT

    What to do next after learning Python basics is an often asked question. Searching for what next on /r/learnpython gives you too many results. Here's some wonderful articles on this topic:

    Exercises and Projects

    I do not have a simple answer to this question either. If you feel comfortable with programming basics and Python syntax, then exercises are a good way to test your knowledge. The resource you used to learn Python will typically have some sort of exercises, so those would be ideal as a first choice.

    I'd also suggest using the below resources to improve your skills. If you get stuck, reread the material related to those topics, search online, ask for clarifications, etc — in short, make an effort to solve it. It is okay to skip some troublesome problems (and come back to it later if you have the time), but you should be able to solve most of the beginner problems. Maintaining notes and cheatsheets will help too, especially for common mistakes.

    Once you are comfortable with basics and syntax, the next step is projects. I use a 10-line program that solves a common problem for me — adding body { text-align: justify } to epub files that are not justify aligned. I didn't know that this line would help beforehand. Found a solution online and then automated the process of unzipping epub, adding the line and then packing it again.

    That will likely need you to lookup documentation and go through some stackoverflow Q&A as well. And once you have written the solution and use it regularly, you'll likely encounter corner cases and features to be added. I feel this is a great way to learn and understand programming.

    Debugging

    Knowing how to debug your programs is crucial and should be ideally taught right from the beginning instead of a chapter at the end of the book. Think Python is an awesome example for such a resource material.

    Sites like Pythontutor allow you to visually debug a program — you can execute a program step by step and see the current value of variables. Similar feature is typically provided by IDEs like Pycharm and Thonny. Under the hood, these visualizations are using the pdb module. See also Python debugging with pdb.

    Debugging is often a frustrating experience. Taking a break helps (and sometimes I find the solution or spot a problem in my dreams). Try to reduce the code as much as possible so that you are left with minimal code necessary to reproduce the issue. Talking about the problem to a friend/colleague/inanimate-objects/etc can help too — known as Rubber duck debugging. I have often found the issue while formulating a question to be asked on forums like stackoverflow/reddit because writing down your problem is another way to bring clarity than just having a vague idea in your mind. Here's some more articles on this challenging topic:

    Here's an interesting snippet (paraphrased) from a collection of interesting bug stories.

    A jpeg parser choked whenever the CEO came into the room, because he always had a shirt with a square pattern on it, which triggered some special case of contrast and block boundary algorithms.

    See also this curated list of absurd software bug stories.

    Testing

    Another crucial aspect in the programming journey is knowing how to write tests. In bigger projects, usually there are separate engineers (often in much larger number than code developers) to test the code. Even in those cases, writing a few sanity test cases yourself can help you develop faster knowing that the changes aren't breaking basic functionality.

    There's no single consensus on test methodologies. There is Unit testing, Integration testing, Test-driven development and so on. Often, a combination of these is used. These days, machine learning is also being considered to reduce the testing time, see Testing Firefox more efficiently with machine learning for example.

    When I start a project, I usually try to write the programs incrementally. Say I need to iterate over files from a directory. I will make sure that portion is working (usually with print statements), then add another feature — say file reading and test that and so on. This reduces the burden of testing a large program at once at the end. And depending upon the nature of the program, I'll add a few sanity tests at the end. For example, for my command_help project, I copy pasted a few test runs of the program with different options and arguments into a separate file and wrote a program to perform these tests programmatically whenever the source code is modified.

    For non-trivial projects, you'll usually end up needing frameworks like built-in module unittest or third-party modules like pytest. Here's some learning resources.

    Intermediate to Advanced Python resources

    • Official Python docs — Python docs are a treasure trove of information
    • Calmcode — videos on testing, code style, args kwargs, data science, etc
    • Practical Python Programming — covers foundational aspects of Python programming with an emphasis on script writing, data manipulation, and program organization
    • Beyond the Basic Stuff with Python — Best Practices, Tools, and Techniques, OOP, Practice Projects
    • Fluent Python — takes you through Python's core language features and libraries, and shows you how to make your code shorter, faster, and more readable at the same time
    • Serious Python — deployment, scalability, testing, and more
    • Practices of the Python Pro — learn to design professional-level, clean, easily maintainable software at scale, includes examples for software development best practices

    Algorithms and Design patterns

    Handy cheatsheets

    More Python resources

    Inspired by this post, I made a Python learning resources repository which is categorized (beginner, intermediate, advanced, domains like web/ML/data science, etc) and includes a handy search feature.

    I hope these resources will help you take that crucial next step and continue your Python journey. Happy learning :)

    submitted by /u/ASIC_SP
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    Want to someone to keep you accountable and motivate you to keep learning or just to casually talk about IT (programming)? I'm here for you!

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 03:16 PM PDT

    Hello, long story short, I did some shit in my life and trying to redeem myself. I'm trying to give as much to community as I can. I decided to offer my services as your buddy, I know when I was growing up, most of my friends didn't know about programming and I had nobody to talk to. So if you want to just share a story or talk about progress/challenges you face, I'm here for you to listen to you and maybe give you advice. If you want to vent or just casually talk i'm also here for you guys. I can even try to learn a new programming language with you, so we can have peer pressure and keep learning and developing further.
    DM me if you are interested.

    submitted by /u/toorhax
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    How long does it take to complete The Odin Project (Foundations > JS)

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 04:02 AM PDT

    Curious about how long people took to complete TOP and how much time they dedicated to it on a daily basis?

    I've just started TOP and I'm starting with Foundations and plan to go with the Full Stack Javascript path to eventually learn Nodejs, but I can probably only allocate 2-3 hours a day to learning after factoring in working hours and other commitments, with more on weekends. At this rate will it take me over a year to finish the course?

    I have dipped my feet into some front end stuff, out of necessity at work I had to scrap together HTML, CSS, and some basic Actionscript 3.0, which I'm helping might give me a head start on some of the parts in Foundations.

    submitted by /u/9D_Chess
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    I love the idea of programming, of building something and having a valuable skill that allows you to build something. But it's very hard to motivate myself to learn it because ... I have no idea what I would even build. What could I have as a goal so I can teach myself programming?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 09:50 AM PDT

    I don't want to make games or websites, so it has to be something else. Idk what though.

    An app/program, but I've spent so many hours thinking about what app or program I could possibly build in the future, and I just didn't think of anything that would excite or motivate me at least a little bit.

    submitted by /u/dadasad2125
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    Got the job! Author of "education wasted"

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 07:13 PM PDT

    Hello everyone!

    First I would like to thank everyone for the great advice and help from my previous post in this subreddit titled "education wasted". The link to it is here.

    If you can't access the link just go to my previous posts in my profile.

    I am so excited to say after that post and hearing y'all opinion and advice I was able to land 2 internships and a new grad offer as a software engineer waiting for me after I graduate this semester.

    Here is what I've done since that post, sharpened my programming skills on my own, did online courses, started my own projects (mostly full stack projects), and finally focused a lot on my remaining classes in college (some projects I went beyond and added features from my own, and the professors loved it)

    I want to thank everyone in this subreddit!

    And if you ever feel down just go to my previous post and read it and you will be able to tell how desperate I was.

    If I am able to do it, you can do it!!

    submitted by /u/2309k
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    Difference between table and database in SQL?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:24 PM PDT

    I am learning SQL and am not seeing a difference between a table and the whole database. In HTML, tables look exactly like how databases look like in SQL right?

    Is a table just one of the rows below and the database is the whole entire database?

    Very confusing.

    ​

    Employee ID Job Title
    John 37 Dev
    Dave 47 Dev
    submitted by /u/gtrman571
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    How can I learn more about creating/managing databases with python?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 05:04 PM PDT

    Hello!

    I have been building some projects in python that are based on getting, storing, and managing inputs from a user. So far to keep a library of quotes, recipes, and grocery lists. As of now I have just been storing the info via json and .txt files, but sometimes that just feels sloppy. I'm wondering if there is a better/easier way to do this?

    Possibly a sqlite database or something? Just looking to get more info/guidance on that topic. Potentially looking to use something that would be good for storing user specific info on a small discord server(<12 people).

    Thanks!

    submitted by /u/AmoryVain
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    At one point does googling solutions turn into laziness, cheating?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 08:09 PM PDT

    I'm currently learning JS using TheOdinProject. If I'm stuck on something I find myself googling solutions to it. At no point do I copy and paste code, I do however find myself pretty much just typing the code I see in the examples i search/find into my IDE and finding how it fits into my personal code. Is this inherently bad?

    submitted by /u/poebro000
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    Do tech jobs really suck?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 06:14 PM PDT

    I got an add for a website called careerkarma promoting more people to go into tech jobs and a lot of the people in the comments are saying to avoid it or "no thanks I respect myself." I'm trying out different career paths but is this one I should avoid?

    submitted by /u/AurelieFixated
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    Complete beginner with zero knowledge

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 09:47 PM PDT

    I'm just wondering if I should hop right into trying to learn a programming language or if I should familiarize myself with computer science or anything else before I learn a language to make it easier. I'm on this CS crash course on YouTube and am willing to watch it all but don't want to waste 6 hours.

    submitted by /u/random___guy00
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    How do I make this c++ sentinel loop work?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 09:46 PM PDT

    In this case, the program takes two inputs; numbers and operators and keeps going until the user enters "="
    which is the sentinel and marks the end of the expression after which, the program should return the total value of the expression.

    A sample run of the program would look something like this:

    Enter a number: 4 Enter an operator: + Enter a number: 5 Enter an operator: - Enter a number: -1 Enter an operator: = The total value of the expression is 10

    If the user inputs only one number and hits "=", it will print that number as the total. I am not sure if I am using the correct input type for "op" but the compiler doesn't show any errors which might also be a case of garbage in - garbage out.

    It functions as its supposed only for the first iterations. Perhaps, the loop isn't working properly??
    The output that I am getting is:

    Enter a number: 2

    Enter an operator: +

    ​

    yep, just that. It doesn't go anywhere after those two prompts.

    This is my code:

    ​

    // this program finds the value of the expression-
    // defined by the sequence of operands and operators
    // the user enters numbers and + or - then,
    // " = " when finished
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    int main()
    {
    float total = 0; // accumulator
    float num;
    char op;

    cout << "Enter a number:\n "; //operand
    cin >> num;
    cout << "Enter an operator:\n "; //operator, can only be + or -
    cin >> op;

    while (op != '=')
    {
    if (op == '+')
    {
    total = total + num;
    }

    if (op == '-')
    {
    total = total - num;
    }
    cin >> num;
    cin >> op;
    }
    cout << "\nThe total value of the expression is "<< total << endl;
    return 0;
    }

    submitted by /u/devilblooded
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    Learn outside of school if studying CS?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 09:43 PM PDT

    I'm a first year college student majoring in CS, and my first intro to computer science is a Java based class. It's primarily coding in Java and a little bit of general computer knowledge.

    I was curious, is there much else I can do outside of just focusing on getting a good grade in this class?

    I read over the notes once, take notes, read the powerpoint or whatever, and then use YouTube/StackOF/Reddit for little details my teacher may have missed or I am confused about.

    Is this probably enough to stay on top of my studies, or could I be doing more to prepare myself and get ahead? Stick to only Java until I've gotten the intro class out of the way? Or stick to Java exclusively even past that?

    submitted by /u/clinical27
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    [Java] Can someone check my first java program?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 07:08 PM PDT

    I just decided to try writing a java program after using python for a little while. This is literally my first java program and I wanted to see how hard it would be to transition to another language. So far this is extremely convoluted in comparison. The problem is to find the most common character in a string and print that character with the number of instances. 

    import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.Set; //Finds and prints the most common character within an input string public class MostCommonCharacter { public static void main(String[] args) { Hashtable<Character, Integer> charInstancesHT = new Hashtable<Character, Integer>(); Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a string: "); String input = s.nextLine(); for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { //This adds a hashtable entry for each character and counts the number of instances char c = input.charAt(i); if (charInstancesHT.containsKey(c)) { charInstancesHT.put(c,charInstancesHT.get(c) + 1); } else { charInstancesHT.put(c,0); } } Set<Character> charInstancesSet = charInstancesHT.keySet(); //Create a set so a foreach loop can be used char maxChar = '\0'; int maxCharInstances = 0; for (Character c : charInstancesSet) { //Use a foreach loop to iterate through the set and find which character key has the greatest value if (charInstancesHT.get(c) > maxCharInstances) { maxChar = c; maxCharInstances = charInstancesHT.get(c); } } System.out.println("-------------------"); if (maxChar != '\0') { //Checks if maxChar is null System.out.println("The character " + maxChar + " was the most common character with " + maxCharInstances + " occurences."); } else { System.out.println("No string was entered. Try again."); } } }

    How can I improve this, reduce code, etc. Am I thinking about it in a too python-esque way? I had to google how to use java sets, input, dictionary (hashtable apparently), check for null, use for and foreach loops, etc.

    submitted by /u/AuFries
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    I created a sub specifically for TOP & other related sites.

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 08:33 AM PDT

    r/OdinProject

    What is r/OdinProject?

    It's a subreddit for students of The Odin Project & other related sites like Javascript.info.

    There you can share news about above platforms, post questions, find a learning partner & also post helpful information for others.

    Why is r/OdinProject?

    1. There was a need to create this sub, as other sub with name r/theodinproject is restricted.

    2. There was no other niche sub for above mentioned learning sites specifically.

    3. Some people, including me don't like Discord & prefer Reddit for discussions.

    4. A dedicated sub is useful to stay up to date with updates & course material changes of above learning platforms.

    5. Also there is a dedicated flair tag for finding a "Learning Partner", which I think will be beneficial.

    Currently Allowed sites (Max 3-4)

    1. The Odin Project
    2. Javascript.info

    It's a new sub, member feedback is welcome. Hope you enjoy it :!

    submitted by /u/SamLovesNotion
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    What am I going to miss out on by going the self-taught route compared to doing a bootcamp?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 06:48 PM PDT

    I'm a 2020 biology graduate who took some CS courses for fun during undergrad (equivalent to a minor). I realized I don't want to go to medical school anymore and I want to leverage my CS skills to work in the health-tech / digital health space.

    I feel confident in my foundational CS skills to learn full-stack or iOS development by myself but after reading some posts on here, it seems like I would be missing out on networking and career guidance aspects of a traditional bootcamp like Hack Reactor or App Open Academy.

    Currently, I've been working through the Odin Project and brushing up on my DS&A using Hackerrank and Leetcode, spending anywhere from 6-8 hours a day apart from my part-time job.

    I plan on applying to jobs in November-December after pushing out some side projects and making sure my resume is in good shape.

    TDLR: Do you guys think I'm making the right decision by going the self-taught route or should I bite the bullet and pay for the bootcamp?

    submitted by /u/iamthat1dude
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    I cannot find out why my simple code doesn't work.

    Posted: 14 Sep 2021 12:24 AM PDT

    public class staticna { // I declare variable here static public int a, b, c; // I make construct to assign value to store in the varaibles public staticna() { a = 6; b = 5; } static public int calc() { c = a * b; return c; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(calc()); } }

    Its just a simple multiply program.

    When i compile it gives 0 . It should give 30.

    submitted by /u/ballbeamboy2
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    Statistics for Data Science

    Posted: 14 Sep 2021 12:14 AM PDT

    Here's a stack to learn Statistics for Data Science ( Python & R

    submitted by /u/sak1m
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    Has anyone felt this way too? How did you deal with it?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 02:24 PM PDT

    I'm 23 years old boy and I love programming but I feel stuck and no improvements on my programming skills I have tried everything so far starting from online courses, reading books, trying to build my own projects so I can learn. But yet when I comes to create a new project I feel stuck and I don't know how to start it. Lately I feel lost, losing motivation, feeling exhausted, feeling to give up but I don't because I really love coding even though I'm bad at it. I even started questioning if I'm a good fit as a coder because it's been so long and no improvement at all. I need help from someone who is felt lime this and how did you act or solve this problem because I really need some advise. Thank You!

    submitted by /u/pirateboy2
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    Learning to use multiple OS

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 11:56 PM PDT

    I've had a quick look and I can't really find the answer I'm looking for, and I really don't want to spend hours researching what I should and shouldn't learn.. so I'll ask here!

    Is it worth me learning how to properly use multiple OS?

    I was really surprised when I had a look about to see the highest percentage of devs use windows?

    I've always used windows for whatever I have done so I'm pretty familiar but definitely need to do more of a deep dive with it

    Should I do the same with say Ubuntu though? Or just get basic familiarity with it?

    submitted by /u/amapiratebro
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    How can I map a website subfolder to a different server?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 11:43 PM PDT

    Short story:

    I have the domain www.example.com which DNS points to server1 and I want that www.example.com/subfolder/ to load its data from server2. I am using Cloudflare

    Long story:

    I have a .NET website that is hosted on a Windows server. I'm very happy with the performance. I decided to also add a blog section to it. The hosting provider offered the possibility to install WordPress, which I did in a subfolder /blog/

    However, the performance is less that satisfactory (even with all plugins turned off, the TTFB is awful). My idea was to use a different server for the blog section, but I would like to use the same structure for the site keeping the /blog/ subfolder.

    Is that possible? How should I go about doing that with Cloudflare for example or maybe a .htaccess rule.

    I'm also open to other suggestions.

    thanks,

    John

    submitted by /u/psd-dude
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    [C] A struct pointer as a function?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 11:35 PM PDT

    Ok, I may sound stupid to you, but I have no idea what my assignment is asking me to do. My teacher never talked about this in class and everything I tried to do resulted in segmentation fault. I also did some research, but I found literally nothing about this (but I also don't know what the name of this thing is).

    So basically, I am given this partly made program with a function called "struct character *new_character" that is given a char pointer to a string to save a name in it, an array of tools and the size of said array. The problem is, when did struct pointers become functions? What? I can't find anything online, and neither my teacher ever talked about this thing. What should I do with it?

    submitted by /u/il_Kevo
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    OOPS - Object creation

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 11:24 PM PDT

    Hey 👋🏻 pls look into this code.

    class User {

    constructor(name) { this.name = name; }

    sayHi() { alert(this.name); }

    }

    // Usage: let user = new User("John"); user.sayHi();

    Here the "user" is the object with "John" passed to the constructor. So if I have to do the same (say for 100 names) then how to create an object (instance)in runtime or by any means? This is a sample JS code please someone explain it with the above code or with Java/other OOP languages🥲.

    It's really frustrating that I can't proceed further 😓.

    submitted by /u/akashios_29
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    How do you remember the difference between full and complete binary tree?

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 11:07 PM PDT

    Full Binary Tree: A full binary tree can be defined as a binary tree in which all the nodes have 0 or two children.

    Complete Binary Tree: A binary tree is said to be a complete binary tree when all the levels are completely filled except the last level, which is filled from the left.

    Definition of full: 1. containing or holding as much or as many as possible; having no empty space. 2. not lacking or omitting anything; complete.

    Definition of complete: 1. having all the necessary or appropriate parts. 2. (often used for emphasis) to the greatest extent or degree; total.

    So 2 problems I see here: 1. Definition of full contains "complete" as if they are synonyms. They obviously aren't due to binary trees. 2. First definition of full says "having no empty space", but to me a tree with only rightest most leaf node missing follows this definition.

    Can someone explain to me how do I know which is full and which is complete? Otherwise why don't we just name them 120948102934 and 120438912093j213 since words are pointless?

    submitted by /u/Afraid-Photograph414
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    telegram group

    Posted: 13 Sep 2021 11:04 PM PDT

    anyone can share an telegram group link about programming where people help each other?? thanks ! :)

    submitted by /u/Narchy44
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